Henrik Ibsen, born on March 20, 1828, in Skien, Norway, is often regarded as one of the principal founders of modernism in theatre. A prolific playwright, his work is characterized by realistic portrayals of psychological conflict and examinations of contemporary social issues, many of which were considered controversial at the time of their release. Ibsen's play 'Ghosts' (1881), is a prime example of his literary prowess in dissecting the hypocrisy of Victorian morality. It shocked 19th-century audiences with its forthright discussion of venereal disease and incest. The tragic narrative focuses on the lingering effects of past sins and societal taboos, exemplified in the life of the protagonist, Mrs. Alving, and her son, Oswald. Ibsen's technique of delving into personal dilemmas and societal critiques transformed the direction of theater, moving away from the escapism of romanticism towards a more candid and realistic approach. His impact is apparent in the psychological depth and symbolism found in modern drama. Among his other noted works are 'A Doll's House' (1879) and 'Hedda Gabler' (1890), which continue to be staged worldwide. Ibsen's works have earned him the epithet 'the father of realism,' and his influence on playwriting and critical thought endures. He died on May 23, 1906, leaving a legacy that has continued to provoke and inspire subsequent generations.